Reduction In Body Temperature Research Articles

In vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of CLEVir-X against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of CLEVir-X, against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). CLEVir-X is a nucleoside analogue and a dialdehyde form of xanthosine. CLEVir-X demonstrated antiviral action during the in vitro portion of this experiment with its inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibition against PRRSV. The anti-PRRSV effect of CLEVir-X was recovered through supplementation with guanosine. This suggests that PRRSV replication may be regulated through IMPDH and its guanosine biosynthetic pathway. CLEVir-X treatment in cultures resulted in mutation frequency increase of up to 7.8-fold within the viral genomes (e.g. ORF6) compared to their parallel, untreated cultures. The incorporation of CLEVir-X into the viral genome causes lethal mutagenesis and subsequent decrease in specific infectivity. During the in vivo antiviral experiment, 21-day-old pigs began oral administration of 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline containing CLEVir-X (with purity of 68 % and dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight). This treatment was provided twice daily at 9:00AM and 5:00PM for 14 days. Pigs were simultaneously intranasally inoculated with PRRSV at the beginning of CLEVir-X treatment (21 days of age). Several beneficial effects from the oral administration of CLEVir-X were observed including reduction of body temperature, alleviation of respiratory clinical signs, decreased PRRSV load in both blood and lung tissues, and mitigation of lung interstitial pneumonia lesions. The results of the present study demonstrated that CLEVir-X has mutagenic and nonmutagenic modes of antiviral action against PRRSV based on both in vitro and in vivo antiviral experiments.

Methods to estimate body temperature and energy expenditure dynamics in fed and fasted laboratory mice: effects of sleep deprivation and light exposure.

Monitoring body temperature and energy expenditure in freely-moving laboratory mice remains a powerful methodology used widely across a variety of disciplines-including circadian biology, sleep research, metabolic phenotyping, and the study of body temperature regulation. Some of the most pronounced changes in body temperature are observed when small heterothermic species reduce their body temperature during daily torpor. Daily torpor is an energy saving strategy characterized by dramatic reductions in body temperature employed by mice and other species when challenged to meet energetic demands. Typical measurements used to describe daily torpor are the measurement of core body temperature and energy expenditure. These approaches can have drawbacks and developing alternatives for these techniques provides options that can be beneficial both from an animal-welfare and study-complexity perspective. First, this paper presents and assesses a method to estimate core body temperature based on measurements of subcutaneous body temperature, and second, a separate approach to better estimate energy expenditure during daily torpor based on core body temperature. Third, the effects of light exposure during the habitual dark phase and sleep deprivation during the light period on body temperature dynamics were tested preliminary in fed and fasted mice. Together, the here-published approaches and datasets can be used in the future to assess body temperature and metabolism in freely-moving laboratory mice.

Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside, a Flavone Derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, Reduces Body Temperature through Accelerating the Elimination of IL-6 and TNF-α in a Mouse Fever Model.

Fever is a serious condition that can lead to various consequences ranging from prolonged illness to death. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) has been used for centuries to treat fever, but the specific chemicals responsible for its antipyretic effects are not well understood. This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemicals with antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts and to provide an explanation for the use of T. hemsleyanum as a Chinese herbal medicine for fever treatment. Our results demonstrate that kaempferol 3-rutinoside (K3OR) could be successfully isolated and purified from the roots of T. hemsleyanum. Furthermore, K3OR exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature in a mouse model of fever. Notably, a 4 μM concentration of K3OR showed more effective antipyretic effects than ibuprofen and acetaminophen. To explore the underlying mechanism, we conducted an RNA sequencing analysis, which revealed that PXN may act as a key regulator in the fever process induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the mouse model of fever, K3OR significantly promoted the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α during the early stage in the LPS-treated group. However, during the middle to late stages, K3OR facilitated the elimination of IL-6 and TNF-α in the LPS-treated group. Overall, our study successfully identified the chemicals responsible for the antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts, and it answered the question as to why T. hemsleyanum is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating fever. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of T. hemsleyanum in managing fever, and they provide a basis for further research and development in this field.

Physicochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Screening of Fernando Adenophylla Steenis Fruits.

The current study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Fernandoa adenophylla. Powder studies were carried out to estimate the quantitative physicochemical characteristics of the crude drug, including moisture content, ash content, and extractive values. Using a Soxhlet apparatus and different analytical grade solvents, 3 sample extracts of a crude drug were made. To evaluate the potentially toxic nature, an acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD guideline no. 423. Sample extracts were tested and analyzed by ANOVA for pharmacological potential (analgesic, antipyretic, and antidiabetic) using Wister-Albino rats. Where physicochemical analysis indicated purity, quality, and presence of organic/inorganic materials in crude drug extracts, no sign of mortality was found up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of Fernandoa adenophyllas extracts. Analgesic activity was observed in all sample extracts, whereas only chloroform and ethanolic extracts expressed antipyretic and antidiabetic potential. Ethanolic extract was found to be most potent in pharmacological potential as 200mg/kg extract dose exhibited %age pain inhibition of 55.12% and reduced body temperature from 39.78±0.03°C to 37.22±0.02°C in hyperthermic rats. A decrease in blood glucose levels up to 57.88% was observed on the 21st day of the treatment with 500mg/kg ethanolic extract.

Effects of thermophily-relevant temperature variation and sex on digestive performance in pythons

Different physiological performances are often optimized at slightly varying temperatures, which can lead to ectotherms selecting higher body temperatures during certain physiological efforts (e.g., digestion, reproduction). Such thermophilic responses can lead to temperature-based tradeoffs between two physiological activities with differing optimal temperatures or between optimizing a physiological activity and water balance, as water loss is elevated at higher temperatures. For example, ectotherms will often select a higher body temperature after consuming a meal, but the extent to which body temperature is elevated after eating is affected by its hydric state. Despite this known hydration state-based suppression of thermophily associated with digestion, the impact of this reduced body temperature on digestion performance is unknown. Accordingly, we determined whether small, thermophily-relevant changes in body temperature impact digestive efficiency or passage time and whether sex influenced the extent of the effect. Eighteen (9 female and 9 male) Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni) each consumed a meal at three temperatures (29 °C, 30 °C, and 31 °C), and gut passage time and digestive efficiency were determined. We found that neither metric was affected by temperature over the range tested. However, digestive efficiency was significantly impacted by the interaction between sex and temperature with males having significantly lower digestive efficiency than females at 31 °C, but not 29 °C or 30 °C. Our results provide insight into the effects of temperature on digestive physiology across narrow temperature ranges as well as demonstrate a sex-based difference in digestive physiology.

Differential effects of the stress peptides PACAP and CRF on sleep architecture in mice

Stress produces profound effects on behavior, including persistent alterations in sleep patterns. Here we examined the effects of two prototypical stress peptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), on sleep architecture and other translationally-relevant endpoints. Male and female mice were implanted with subcutaneous transmitters enabling continuous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), as well as body temperature and locomotor activity, without tethering that restricts free movement, body posture, or head orientation during sleep. At baseline, females spent more time awake (AW) and less time in slow wave sleep (SWS) than males. Mice then received intracerebral infusions of PACAP or CRF at doses producing equivalent increases in anxiety-like behavior. The effects of PACAP on sleep architecture were similar in both sexes and resembled those reported in male mice after chronic stress exposure. Compared to vehicle infusions, PACAP infusions decreased time in AW, increased time in SWS, and increased rapid eye movement sleep (REM) time and bouts on the day following treatment. In addition, PACAP effects on REM time remained detectable a week after treatment. PACAP infusions also reduced body temperature and locomotor activity. Under the same experimental conditions, CRF infusions had minimal effects on sleep architecture in either sex, causing only transient increases in SWS during the dark phase, with no effects on temperature or activity. These findings suggest that PACAP and CRF have fundamentally different effects on sleep-related metrics and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which stress disrupts sleep.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Kompres Warm Water Tepid Sponge Dan Plester Demam Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Pada Anak Pre-School Dengan Febris Di Puskesmas Tanah Abang Jakarta Tahun 2023

This research highlights the comparison of the effectiveness of warm water tepid sponge compresses and fever plasters on body temperature in pre-school children with Febris at the Tanah Abang District Health Center, Jakarta, which will be carried out from December 2023 to January 2024. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Two research design Group Pretest Posttest. The sample for this research consisted of 32 pre- school children who would be divided into 2 groups, for each compress treatment with inclusion & exclusion criteria. The instrument used was an observation sheet in the form of a table check list regarding the SOP for implementing warm water tepid sponge compresses and fever plaster compresses. As well as an observation sheet in the form of a body temperature observation sheet before, during and after the warm water tepid sponge compress and fever plaster. Research Results Description of the temperature before and after using a warm water tepid sponge compress before it was 38,530C and after it was 37,370C and using a Plaster Compress before it was 38,350C and after it was 37,660C. The results of the dependent t statistical test showed that the warm water tepid sponge   had a p value of 0.000 and the Fever Plaster had a p value of 0.000, meaning that there was an effect of warm water tepid sponge compresses and fever plasters on body temperature in pre-school   children with Febris   at the Tanah Abang District Health Center, Jakarta. will be carried out in December 2023. The results of the independent T test show that the p value is 0.000, so there is a difference between the Warm water tepid sponge Compress group and the Fever Plaster group on the body temperature of pre-school children with fever at the Tanah Abang District Health Center and compresses using the warm water tepid sponge technique are more effective in reducing body temperature. The difference in degrees of reduction in body temperature is -0.481.

The Effect of Body Temperature Changes on the Course of Treatment in Patients With Pneumonia and Sepsis: Results of an Observational Study.

Traditionally, patients who are critically ill with infection and fever have been treated with antipyretics or even physically cooled. Presumed benefits of the reduction of body temperature are mostly based on decreased metabolic demands. However, it has been shown that decreasing body temperature in patients who are critically ill is not associated with improvement in treatment outcomes. Additionally, there is some data to support the use of temperature modulation (therapeutic hyperthermia) as an adjuvant treatment strategy in patients with infection. This study aims to determine the effect of body temperature on the course of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment of patients who are mechanically ventilated with pneumonia, sepsis, and positive tracheal aspirates on admission. We performed a single-center retrospective study. Core body temperature was measured in all patients. We analyzed associations between average temperatures in the first 48 hours after admission to ICU and ICU treatment parameters. Additionally, patients were divided into three groups: patients with negative tracheal aspirates 1 week after ICU admission (P-N group), patients with a different pathogen in tracheal aspirates 1 week after ICU admission (P-HAP group), and patients with a persisting pathogen in tracheal aspirates 1 week after ICU admission (P-P group). Differences in body temperature and interventions aimed at temperature modulation were determined. We observed a significantly higher average temperature in the first 48 hours after admission to ICU in patients who survived to hospital discharge compared to nonsurvivors (mean 37.2 °C, SD 1 °C vs mean 36.9 °C, SD 1.6 °C; P=.04). We observed no associations between average temperatures in the first 48 hours after ICU admission and days of mechanical ventilation in the first 7 days of treatment (ρ=-0.090; P=.30), the average maximum daily requirement for noradrenaline in the first 7 days of treatment (ρ=-0.029; P=.80), average maximum FiO2 in the first 7 days of ICU treatment (ρ=0.040; P=.70), and requirement for renal replacement therapy in the first 7 days of ICU treatment (mean 37.3 °C, SD 1.4 °C vs mean 37.0 °C, SD 1.3 °C; P=.23). In an additional analysis, we observed a significantly greater use of paracetamol in the P-N group (mean 1.0, SD 1.1 g vs mean 0.4, SD 0.7 g vs mean 0.4, SD 0.8 g; P=.009), a trend toward greater use of active cooling in the first 24 hours after ICU admission in the P-N group (n=11, 44% vs n=14, 33.3% vs n=16, 32%; P=.57), and no other significant differences in parameters of ICU treatment between patient groups. We observed better survival in patients who developed higher body temperatures in the first 48 hours after admission to the ICU; however, we observed no changes in other treatment parameters. Similarly, we observed greater use of paracetamol in patients with negative tracheal aspirates 1 week after ICU admission. Our results support the strategy of temperature tolerance in patients who are intubated with pneumonia and sepsis.

Management of Warm Compresses in Typhoid Fever Children

School-age children are easily targeted for various diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases because school-age children have not paid much attention to their health, including the snacks they eat. Digestive diseases that most often infect school-age children due to poor schoolchildren's snacks include typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Thypi bacteria. The priority of treatment in typhoid fever patients is hyperthermia management with the application of warm compresses that can help lower the body temperature of patients with typhoid fever. Purpose: From this case study, it is to help reduce body temperature against hyperthermy in school-age children with a medical diagnosis of typhoid fever at Arjawinangun Hospital Cirebon. Method: This scientific paper uses a descriptive qualitative design with the number of subjects as many as 2 respondents of school-age children with a medical diagnosis of typhoid fever who were given an intervention, namely a warm compress. Data collection techniques use interviews, observations and documentation studies. Conclusion: after the cooperative action, one experienced a temperature decrease of 1.1°C from 37.8°C to 36.7°C while patient 2 experienced a temperature decrease of 1.7°C from 38.3°C to 36.6°C. Suggestion: the patient's family can perform the very conflict act independently that has been taught by the nurse and in accordance with the standard operating instructions for warm compress procedures in the manual.

Effectiveness of Lemongrass Warm Compress Intervention in Pediatric Meningoencephalitis Patients with Signs of Hyperthermia in the Picu Room Rsud Aji Muhammad Parikesit Tenggarong Hospital

Meningoencephalitis is an inflammation that causes symptoms such as fever, severe headaches, convulsions, impaired consciousness and even death if not treated properly. One of the symptoms experienced by meningoencephalitis patients is an increase in body temperature. This body temperature can be treated with compresses. One compress that can be done is to use lemongrass or lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Objective: To intervene with warm lemongrass compresses to reduce body temperature. Method: Quantitative descriptive with pre-test and post-test. The sample used was 1 child patient who was diagnosed with meningoencephalitis with signs of hyperthermia. Research Results: After the intervention of giving warm lemongrass compresses for 3 days, significant results were obtained, namely a decrease in body temperature to 36.1'C. Conclusion: Warm lemongrass compress is effective in reducing body temperature in meningoencephalitis patients.

Nightly reductions in body temperature and effect of transmitter attachment method in free-living welcome swallows (Hirundoneoxena)

Small birds and mammals face similar energetic challenges, yet use of torpor to conserve energy while resting is considered less common among birds, especially within the most specious order Passeriformes. We conducted the first study to record the natural thermoregulatory physiology of any species from the family Hirundinidae, which we predicted would use torpor because of their specialised foraging by aerial pursuit of flying insects, that are less active during cold or windy weather. We used temperature telemetry on wild-living welcome swallows (Hirundo neoxena, 13 to 17 g) and found that skin temperature declined during nightly resting by an average by 5 °C, from daytime minima of 41.0 ± 0.8 °C to nightly minima of 36.3 ± 0.8 °C, and by a maximum of 8 °C to a minimum recorded skin temperature of 32.0 °C. The extent of reduction in skin temperature was greater on cold nights and following windy daytime (foraging) periods. Further, we found that transmitters glued directly to the skin between feather tracts (i.e., an apterium) provided a less variable and probably also more accurate reflection of body temperature than transmitters applied over closely trimmed feathers. A moderate decrease in skin temperature, equivalent to shallow torpor, would provide energy savings during rest. Yet, deeper torpor was not observed, despite a period of extreme rainfall that presumedly decreased foraging success. Further studies are needed to understand the resting thermoregulatory energetics of swallows under different environmental conditions. We advocate the importance of measuring thermal biology in wild-living birds to increase our knowledge of the physiology and ecological importance of torpor among passerine birds.

Bioinformatics Studies of Flavonoid Derivatives Compound from Saga Rambat Leaves as an Antipyretic Candidate

This research is backed by the frequent use of herbal plants in the community, one of which is the saga (Abrus precatory L.), which is used to reduce body temperature in the Tirtajaya District, Karawang Regency. Saga leaves contain several secondary metabolites with potential antipyretics, one of which is flavonoids. The study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of flavonoid compounds of saga leaves as inhibitors of COX-2 receptors and IL-1 receptors that reduce fever. The methods used were pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation. The outcomes of molecular docking experiments with seven flavonoid-derived compounds from saga leaves targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptors revealed that isohemiphloin compounds exhibited the most favorable Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.08 kcal/mol. In the case of interleukin-1 (5R85), cirsimaritin compounds displayed the lowest Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.78 kcal/mol. The analysis of drug screening results indicates that the best compound adheres to four of the five Lipinski rules. Furthermore, the predictions for pharmacokinetics and toxicity are fairly good, as the best compound demonstrates a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and is determined to be non-toxic. These findings collectively suggest that the isohemiphloin compound from saga leaves may be a promising candidate for developing an antipyretic drug, particularly due to its predicted interaction with the cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptor.

Sex-specific behavioural, metabolic, and immunohistochemical changes after repeated administration of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB48 in mice.

AKB48 is a synthetic cannabinoid illegally sold for its psychoactive cannabis-like effects that have been associated with acute intoxication and whose effects are poorly known. Using a behavioural, neurochemical, and immunohistochemical approach, we investigated the pharmaco-toxicological effects, pharmacokinetics, and neuroplasticity at cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the cerebellum and cortex induced by repeated AKB48 administration in male and female mice. The effects of AKB48 varied significantly depending on sex and treatment duration. The first injection impaired sensorimotor responses and reduced body temperature, analgesia, and breath rate to a greater extent in females than in males; the second injection induced stronger effects in males while the third injection of AKB48 induced weaker responses in both sexes, suggesting emergence of tolerance. The CB1 receptor antagonist NESS-0327 prevented the effects induced by repeated AKB48, confirming a CB1 receptor-mediated action. Blood AKB48 levels were higher in females than in males and repeated administration caused a progressive rise of AKB48 levels in both sexes, suggesting an inhibitory effect on cytochrome activity. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher expression of CB1 receptors in the cerebellum and cortex of females, and a rapid CB1 receptor down-regulation in cerebellar and cortical areas following repeated AKB48 injections, with neuroadaptation occurring generally more rapidly in females than in males. We have shown for the first time that AKB48 effects significantly vary with prolonged use and that sex affects the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic responses to repeated administration, suggesting a sex-tailored approach in managing AKB48-induced intoxication.

Efektivitas Kompres Hangat dan Kompres Hydrogel On Polyacrylate-Basis (Kompres Plester) terhadap Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Anak Hipertermia Usia 0-5 Tahun

Introduction: Hyperthermia is a condition of body temperature higher than normal or temperature above normal. Hyperthermia generally occurs when a person experiences health problems that become a problem in children aged 0-5 years. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of warm compresses and hydrogel compresses on polyacrylate-base (plaster compresses) against reducing body temperature of hyperthermic children aged 0-5 years. Method: This research uses a type of quasi-experimental research with two groups, pre-test and post-test design. Researchers grouped respondents into two groups, one group was given a warm compress intervention, and the other group was given a hydrogel compress intervention on polyacrylate-based (plaster compress) made by a manufacturer. Each group had their body temperature measured both before being given the intervention and after being given the intervention. The total sample was 32 children aged 0-5 years, the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data analysis used in this research was univariate and bivariate using a parried simple t-test.    Result: The results found that based on the analysis of the effectiveness of warm compresses and hydrogel compresses on polyacrylate-basis (plaster compresses) on reducing body temperature of children aged 0-5 years, it was found that the effectiveness of warm compresses was as much as the male sex (56.3%) and the rest of the female sex (43.8%). It was found that the effectiveness of hydrogel compresses on polyacrylate-base (plaster compresses) was as much as the male sex (58.8%) and the rest of the female sex (31.1%). The difference in the effectiveness of warm compresses and hydrogel in polyacrylate-based plaster compresses in reducing hyperthermia temperature with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effectiveness of warm compresses and Hydrogel on polyacrylate-basis plaster compresses against hyperthermia temperature reduction.

Hypothalamic Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Signaling Controls Body Temperature.

Background: The importance of thyroid hormones (THs) for peripheral body temperature regulation has been long recognized, as medical conditions such as hyper- and hypothyroidism lead to alterations in body temperature and energy metabolism. In the past decade, the brain actions of THs and their respective nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ), coordinating body temperature regulation have moved into focus. However, the exact roles of the individual TR isoforms and their precise neuroanatomical substrates remain poorly understood. Methods: Here we used mice expressing a mutant TRα1 (TRα1+m) as well as TRβ knockouts to study body temperature regulation using radiotelemetry in conscious and freely moving animals at different ambient temperatures, including their response to oral 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. Subsequently, we tested the effects of a dominant-negative TRα1 on body temperature after adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression in the hypothalamus, a region known to be involved in thermoregulation. Results: While TRβ seems to play a negligible role in body temperature regulation, TRα1+m mice had lower body temperature, which was surprisingly not entirely normalized at 30°C, where defects in facultative thermogenesis or tail heat loss are eliminated as confounding factors. Only oral T3 treatment fully normalized the body temperature profile of TRα1+m mice, suggesting that the mutant TRα1 confers an altered central temperature set point in these mice. When we tested this hypothesis more directly by expressing the dominant-negative TRα1 selectively in the hypothalamus via AAV transfection, we observed a similarly reduced body temperature at room temperature and 30°C. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TRα1 signaling in the hypothalamus is important for maintaining body temperature. However, further studies are needed to dissect the precise neuroanatomical substrates and the downstream pathways mediating this effect.

Prevention of peri-interventional hypothermia during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a forced-air heating system.

Background and study aims Perioperative hypothermia is associated with significant complications and can be prevented with forced-air heating systems (FAHS). Whether hypothermia occurs during prolonged endoscopic sedation is unclear and prevention measures are not addressed in endoscopic sedation guidelines. We hypothesized that hypothermia also occurs in a significant proportion of patients undergoing endoscopic interventions associated with longer sedation times such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), and that FAHS may prevent it. Patients and methods In this observational study, each patient received two consecutive ERCPs, the first ERCP following current standard of care without FAHS (SOC group) and a consecutive ERCP with FAHS (FAHS group). The primary endpoint was maximum body temperature difference during sedation. Results Twenty-four patients were included. Median (interquartile range) maximum body temperature difference was -0.9°C (-1.2; -0.4) in the SOC and -0.1°C (-0.2; 0) in the FAHS group ( P < 0.001). Median body temperature was lower in the SOC compared with the FAHS group after 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes of sedation. A reduction in body temperature of > 1°C ( P < 0.001) and a reduction below 36°C ( P = 0.01) occurred more often in the SOC than in the FAHS group. FAHS was independently associated with reduced risk of hypothermia ( P = 0.006). More patients experienced freezing in the SOC group ( P = 0.004). Hemodynmaic and respiratory stability were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Hypothermia occurred in the majority of patients undergoing prolonged endoscopic sedation without active temperature control. FAHS was associated with higher temperature stability during sedation and better patient comfort.

Asuhan Keperawatan Hipertermia pada Anak Tifoid di Ruang Wijayakusuma Atas RSUD Kardinah Tegal

A systemic acute infectious disease caused by the microorganism Salmonella enterica serotype typhi known as Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) is called typhoid, the symptoms that arise include an increase in body temperature of &gt;37.5oC or called fever. Nursing care that can be provided to reduce body temperature in children with fever is using non-pharmacological therapy by compressing aloe vera. The aim of this research is to develop hyperthermia nursing care for typhoid children in the Upper Wijayakusuma Room at Kardinah Tegal Regional Hospital. The research design is a case study. The results of this research were obtained in An. N, after applying the aloe vera compress for 3 days, the fever decreased, it was seen that on the first day the child had a fever with a body temperature of 37.3oC and decreased on the second day to 36.8oC and on the third day 36.4oC, the conclusion was that the aloe vera compress could reduce the fever in typhoid children. It is hoped that they will be able to implement the interventions that have been carried out, including being able to easily care for family members who have fever.

Botanical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Trema orientalis: A Review

The plants were the primary source of primitive medicines which used to cure human ailments in past centuries. In modern medicine also many drugs are being discovered from plants. Trema orientalis is a tropical small to medium-sized tree also called Indian charcoal tree was native to South Africa, tropical Asia and Australia. It is widely distributed all over the world. It was used traditionally to treat infections and fevers. The leaves are simple, alternating, stipulated with short grey hairs below and serrated edges all around drooping branches. The fruits are tiny, oblong and meaty, when ripened, it turns glossy black. It has one dull-black seed embedded in bright-green flesh. The alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were found to be abundant in T. orientalis, while tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and carbohydrates were present in moderate quantity. The crude methanolic extract of T. orientalis had antibacterial activity against various bacteria. It has also proven analgesic efficacy in acetic acid-induced writhing experiments in lab animals. In certain investigations, the stem bark extract of T. orientalis drastically lowered blood glucose in diabetic rats created through streptozotocin. One of the researchers demonstrated dose-dependent reduction in body temperature in rats with pyrexia using ethanolic extract of T. orientalis. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of different parts of T. orientalis plant showed antidepressant, anxiolytic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, diuretic activity, anti-oxidant, anti-malarial and anti-ulcer activity. The clinicopathological alterations were induced by treatment of Jamnapari crossbred goats orally with Trema orientalis ethanolic leaf extract (ELETO). The gross and histological alterations in major vital organs, as well as the clinical symptoms were considered as indicators of the toxicity in a study. Another investigation revealed that T. orientalis was non-toxic and had a sizable haematopoietic effect. Thus further more research is required to extrapolate traditional uses of this plant to use it as medicine along with precaution regarding toxic dose.

Effect of the Bio Optimize® prebiotic on animal welfare and production variables of broiler chickens

The objective was to evaluate the use of the BIO OPTIMIZE® prebiotic on indicator variables of well-being and production of Ross 308 hybrid broiler chickens. Three treatments were evaluated: 1.- Control without the inclusion of the prebiotic; 2.-Prebiotic applied in the litter from day 9 and from day 21 in the drinking water and 3.-Prebiotic only applied in the litter from day 9 of the birds' productive cycle. 144 chickens were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments, six repetitions and the experimental unit consisting of eight chickens. The environmental temperature and relative humidity of the breeding units were monitored, in addition to the temperature of the bedding and drinking water. Body temperature, hyperventilation levels, ammonia levels in the litter, feed consumption and conversion, and weight gain of the chickens were quantified. The temperature and relative humidity were outside the comfort range; there was a direct relationship between the environmental temperature and the temperature of the drinking water, while the temperature of the bed increased during the evaluation period. The application of BioOptimize® to the litter from 28 days onwards reduced ammonia levels in the breeding units, reduced body temperature and increased hyperventilation levels in the chickens. The best feed conversion index was obtained in the treatment without prebiotic derived from an inverse behavior in feed consumption.

Recent Research Trends in the Pharmacological Effects of &lt;italic&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;/italic&gt; in Korea

Objectives: This study aims to analyze recent research on the pharmacological effects of &lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;/i&gt;.Methods: We searched for papers from databases such as ScienceON, RISS, DBPia, and NaNet. The papers were classified according to pharmacological effects, and the selected studies were analyzed.Results: Six studies were finally included in the study. 1. Four studies mainly focused on the effects of anti-inflammation using in vitro or in vivo experiments. 2. Two studies mainly focused on the effects of antioxidants using in vitro experiments. 3. Other pharmacological effects, including improvement of gastrointestinal function, inhibition of body temperature reduction, and anti-aging, were investigated using in vitro or in vivo studies.Conclusion: This study shows that &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;/i&gt; has several pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant.